Unit 05 :
Plants
植物

 

Vocabulary

Let’s learn about different kinds of plants!

Part 1

1. grass /ɡræs/
(n.)草，青草
a low, green plant that grows naturally over a lot of the earth’s surface, having groups of very thin leaves that grow close together in large numbers

cut the grass
割草

2. herb /ɝːb/
(n.)（用作調味品或藥材的）香草，藥草
a type of plant whose leaves are used in cooking to give flavor to particular dishes or in making medicine

A large range of herbs and spices are used in South Asian cooking.
南亞地區烹飪中使用多種藥草和香料。

3. weed /wiːd/
(n.)雜草；野草
any wild plant that grows in an unwanted place, especially in a garden or field where it prevents the cultivated plants from growing freely

4. lawn /lɑːn/
(n.)（尤指房屋附近或公園的）草地，草坪
an area of grass, especially near to a house or in a park, that is cut regularly to keep it short

Will you mow the lawn at the weekend?
週末你修剪一下草坪好嗎？

5. forest /ˈfɔːr.ɪst/
(n.)森林；林區
a large area of land covered with trees and plants, usually larger than a wood, or the trees and plants themselves

The children got lost in the forest.
孩子們在森林裡迷了路。

6. moss /mɑːs/
(n.)苔蘚
a very small, green or yellow plant that grows especially in wet earth or on rocks, walls, and tree trunks

The rocks near the river were covered with moss.
河邊的岩石長滿了苔蘚。

7. stalk /stɑːk/
(n.)（植物的）莖，稈；（葉或果實的）柄，蒂；（花）梗
the main stem of a plant, or the narrow stem that joins leaves, flowers, or fruit to the main stem of a plant

She trimmed the stalks of the tulips before putting them in a vase.
她修剪了一下鬱金香的花梗，然後把它們插進了花瓶。

8. trunk /trʌŋk/
(n.)樹幹
the thick main stem of a tree, from which its branches grow

9. bough /baʊ/
(n.)大樹枝，粗樹枝
a large branch of a tree

10. twig /twɪɡ/
(n.) 細枝，嫩枝
a small, thin branch of a tree or bush, especially one removed from the tree or bush and without any leaves

We collected dry twigs to start the fire.
我們撿乾的細樹枝生火。

Exercise 1

Match the correct meaning to each vocabulary.

  1. herb___        2. lawn___          3. twig___          4. bough___          5. stalk___

a) a large branch of a tree

b) a type of plant whose leaves are used in cooking to give flavor to particular dishes or in making medicine

c) an area of grass, especially near to a house or in a park, that is cut regularly to keep it short

d) the main stem of a plant, or the narrow stem that joins leaves, flowers, or fruit to the main stem of a plant

e) a small, thin branch of a tree or bush, especially one removed from the tree or bush and without any leaves

Part 2

11. root /ruːt/
(n.)根，根莖，根塊
the part of a plant that grows down into the earth to get water and food and holds the plant firm in the ground

12. leaf /liːf/
(n.)葉，葉片，葉子，樹葉
one of the flat, usually green parts of a plant that are joined at one end to the stem or branch

a palm leaf
棕櫚樹葉

13. bud /bʌd/
(n.)芽；花蕾
a small part of a plant, that develops into a flower or leaf

14. branch /bræntʃ/
(n.)樹枝
one of the parts of a tree that grows out from the main trunk and has leaves, flowers, or fruit on it
(v.)出枝；發出新枝
to produce branches

Watch out for overhanging branches.
小心下垂的樹枝。

15. flower /ˈflaʊ.ɚ/
(n.)花；開花植物
the part of a plant that is often brightly colored and has a pleasant smell, or the type of plant that produces these

a bunch/bouquet of flowers
一束花

16. pollen /ˈpɑː.lən/
(n.)花粉
a powder, produced by the male part of a flower, that causes the female part of the same type of flower to produce seeds. It is carried by insects or the wind.

17. bloom /bluːm/
(v.)開花；綻放
When a flower blooms, it opens or is open, and when a plant or tree blooms it produces flowers.
(n.)花，花朵
a flower on a plant

These flowers will bloom all through the summer.
這些花整個夏天都會綻放。

18. blossom /ˈblɑː.səm/
(v.)（植物）開花
When a tree or plant blossoms, it produces flowers before producing fruit that can be eaten.

The cherry tree is beginning to blossom.
櫻桃樹開始開花了。

19. petal /ˈpet̬.əl/
(n.)花瓣
any of the usually brightly colored parts that together form most of a flower

rose petals
玫瑰花瓣

20. seedling /ˈsiːd.lɪŋ/
(n.)幼苗
a very young plant that has grown from a seed

Raise the seedlings in the greenhouse.
在溫室裡培植幼苗。

Exercise 2

Common Expressions and Phrases about Plants.

  1. Beat around the bush
    拐彎抹角

  2. Take a leaf out of someone’s book
    仿效某人

  3. Root and branch
    徹底地；完全地

  4. Branch out
    擴展 (新的領域或不同的業務)；拓展業務範圍

Part 3

21. fruit /fruːt/
(n.)水果
the soft part containing seeds that are produced by a plant. Many types of fruit are sweet and can be eaten.

I like exotic fruits, like mangoes and papayas.
我喜歡外來水果，比如芒果和木瓜。

22. core /kɔːr/
(n.)（水果的）核，心
the hard central part of some fruits, such as apples, that contains the seeds

Don’t throw your apple core on the floor!
別把蘋果核扔到地板上！

23. seed /siːd/
(n.)種子
a small, round, or oval object produced by a plant and from which, when it is planted, a new plant can grow

Sow the seeds about three centimetres deep.
把這些種子種進約三公分深的地方。

24. shrub /ʃrʌb/
(n.)灌木
a large plant with a rounded shape formed from many small branches growing either directly from the ground or from a hard stem, grown in gardens

She planted some roses and other flowering shrubs.
她種了一些玫瑰及其他一些開花灌木。

25. wither /ˈwɪð.ɚ/
(v.)（使）枯萎，（使）乾枯
(to cause) to become weak and dry and decay
(v.)萎縮；逐漸消失
to slowly disappear, lose importance, or become weaker

The grass had withered in the fields.
田裡的草都枯萎了。

26. verdant /ˈvɝː.dənt/
(v.)長滿綠色植物的；草木蒼翠的
covered with healthy green plants or grass

Much of the region’s verdant countryside has been destroyed in the hurricane.
這個地區大片草木蒼翠的鄉村地帶都在那次颶風中毀於一旦。

27. vegetation /ˌvedʒ.əˈteɪ.ʃən/
(n.)（總稱）植物；植被，植物群落
plants in general, or plants that are found in a particular area

The railway track will have to be cleared of vegetation if it is to be used again.
那條鐵路如果要重新啟用，就得清除沿線的草木。

28. deciduous /dɪˈsɪdʒ.u.əs/
(adj.)（樹木）落葉的
A deciduous tree loses its leaves in autumn and grows new ones in the spring.

29. evergreen /ˈev.ɚ.ɡriːn/
(adj.)（植物）常青的，常綠的
An evergreen plant, bush, or tree has leaves for the whole year.
(n.)常青植物，常綠植物
a plant, bush, or tree that has leaves for the whole year

30. photosynthesis /ˌfoʊ.t̬oʊˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/
(n.)光合作用
the process by which a plant uses the energy from the light of the sun to produce its own food

Exercise 3

Discuss the questions with your tutor.

  1. Do you like gardening? How much time do you spend in the garden?

  2. What are the names of some famous gardens in your city?

  3. Do you know what is “Floral emblem”? What is the “Floral emblem” in your country?